Lolli's mate is a checkmate against a fianchettoed king in which a pawn wedged on f6 supports a queen that mates on g7.
Named after the 18th century Italian theorist Giambattista Lolli, this is the standard demolition of a kingside fianchetto whose dark-squared bishop has left the building. A white pawn lands on f6, a thorn the g7 bishop would normally never allow.
From there the queen does the rest. She typically infiltrates via h6, often after a sacrifice on the h-file, and lands on g7 supported by the f6 pawn. Because the queen covers every square around g8 and cannot be captured, the mate is total: the fianchetto pawns on f7, g6 and h7 become the king's own coffin.
The practical lesson runs both ways. As the attacker, a pawn wedge on f6 (or f3 against a queenside fianchetto structure) is often worth a pawn or more by itself. As the defender, never let that wedge appear cheaply once you have traded your fianchetto bishop: the dark squares around your king are a genuine weak color complex.
The main road is h6: the queen slides to h6 (sometimes after a rook or bishop sacrifice on the h-file opens the way), and from h6 steps onto g7 supported by the f6 pawn. Direct infiltration along the long diagonal also works.
It defends the g7 mating square, so the king cannot capture the queen. It also strangles the king's dark squares: with pawns still on f7, g6 and h7, g7 is the only square the defense must cover, and the wedge makes it indefensible.
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